2015年河南工业大学050211外国语言学及应用语言学考研大纲

619基础英语
　　一.考试目的及要求：
　　该课程考试旨在全面考察考生是否具备硕士阶段学习所要求的英语水平，主要考核考生词汇、篇章结构把握、阅读理解和欣赏、英汉互译和英文写作等方面英语综合运用能力。考生应具备以下能力：
　　1.掌握10，000个以上词汇，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上；
　　2.能分析文章的思想观点、篇章结构、写作目的、语言技巧及修辞手段，并就此作出自己的评价；
　　3.能够根据上下文用适当的词语解释较难的词语，且用自己的语言解释文章中的长句和难句；
　　4.能将不同文体风格的原文忠实地翻译成译文；
　　5.能根据要求写出语言准确、表达得体，具有一定的思想深度的文章。
　　二.考试形式与分值：
　　考试形式采用闭卷和笔试的方式进行，总分150分，考试时间为180分钟。
　　三.考试题型：
　　1.词汇理解
　　本部分包括两部分：第一部分为解释加下划线的词语，考察学生对词汇意思的准确把握和近义词的替换能力；第二部分为词汇选择题，考生从给出的四个选项中选择一个符合句子意思的恰当的词。本部分共20题，每题1分，总分为20分。
　　2.完型填空
　　本部分主要考察学生对篇章意思的把握能力以及篇章结构和篇章逻辑性的识别能力。考试形式是从一篇长度为300词左右的文章中抽出5个空，考生根据上下文从给出的6个选项中选择最适合的句子。本部分共5题，每题2分，总分为10分。
　　3.阅读理解
　　本部分主要测试考生对英语篇章主旨、修辞、疑难句子的理解和解释的能力。考试文章总长度约为800词汇，文章主要为哲理型及思辨型议论文。文章后有5个简答题，要求学生对文章的一些修辞手法进行阐释、对重难点句进行英英释义、以及对文章大意进行概括等。本部分共5题，总分为30分。
　　4.翻译
　　本部分分英译汉和汉译英两部分。英译汉选材多为英美报刊及书籍中哲理性论辩文章的节录，字数约为200字左右，要求考生恰当运用英译汉的理论和技巧，译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。汉译英选材多为中国文学作品原著中的文章节录，字数约为200字左右，要求考生恰当运用汉译英的理论和技巧，译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。本部分共2题，每题30分，总分为60分。
　　5.写作
　　本部分主要测试考生英语表达能力。考试题型为命题作文，要求考生根据所给题目写一篇长度为300左右英语单词的议论文。要求作文语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。主要考察学生的语言基本功、选题构思、篇章组织能力以及思辨能力等。本部分共30分。
　　四.复习范围及参考书目：
　　本课程考试属于英语语言水平能力综合测试，因此不具体提供参考书目。考生可参照国内高校通用的《高级英语》精读教材、翻译教材，兼及时事、政治、经济、文化及社会生活等方面的英文报刊或网站。
　　五.样题：
　　PartIStructureandVocabulary.(20/150)
　　Task1:Directions:Chooseoneofthefouralternativeswhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseandwritethecorrespondingletteronyouranswersheet.（10/150）
　　1.Parentsaresometimesreluctanttorelinquishtheinfluencetheyhaveontheirchildren.
　　A.giveoffB.retainC.letgoofD.notice
　　2.ShestronglydenouncedtheGovernment'sforeignpolicyinpublic.
　　A.condemnedB.announcedC.supportedD.disdained
　　3.Ashegotolder,hisbeliefintheseprinciplesdidn'tvacillate.
　　A.ditherB.shakeC.waverD.wobble
　　4.Thegovernmentistakingdrasticmeasurestomitigatetheeffectsofinflation.
　　A.worsenB.alleviateC.aggravateD.aggregate
　　5.Ratherthanvoteforeitherside,thecongressmandecidedtoabstain.
　　A.notvoteB.voteforbothC.stayhomeD.votelater
　　6.TheybothtoldthecourttheargumentwasmoreheatedthanusualandMrsAllendescribedherincreasingexasperationatherhusband'sinsistencehewasleaving.
　　A.harassmentB.provocationC.embarassmentD.irritation
　　7.Frankwasevenabashedbythemomentoftriumphasifthatmomentwerenotathingtobesavored.
　　A.bewilderedB.bashfulC.ashamedD.dismayed
　　8.Mypositionwasthusatthesametimeunprecedentlystrongandprecarious.
　　A.cautiousB.insecureC.crucialD.reliable
　　9.TheMinisterisdeterminedtorootoutcorruption.
　　A.softenB.redeemC.eradicateD.recede
　　10.Theaccuseddecidedtodispensewiththeservicesofalawyer.
　　A.relyonB.gowithoutC.takeupD.checkup
　　Task2:Directions:Chooseonefromthefouralternativesthatbestcompletesthesentenceandwritethecorrespondingletteronyouranswersheet.（10/150）
　　11.Thepreacher______hiscongregationforfailuretoattendweeklyservices.
　　A.admonishedB.cursedC.quittedD.complained
　　12.Atthefuneral,thosewhoweregladthatGeorgewasgone______greatsorrow.
　　A.counterfeitedB.retainedC.manifestedD.wereintheformof
　　13.Thisveryinterestingnovelhasonlyonefault.Imentionthisfaultwithoutfearofoffendingtheauthor,forobviouslynowriteris_______.
　　A.ignorantB.infallibleC.discouragedD.humble
　　14.Sluggishindividualspending,whichhaslastedformonths,is_____theeconomicrecovery.
　　A.boostingB.promotingC.hamperingD.holding
　　15.Participantsurgedfanstoignorethecriticismandcontroversy,andto_____thecelebrationofJackson'smusicallegacy.
　　A.revelinB.getoverC.takeupD.throwup
　　16.ThereportstatedthatDr.Bradyhadbeen_____innotgivingthepatientafullexamination.
　　A.illegibleB.eligibleC.negligibleD.negligent
　　17.Heinventedamost_____story,butmostofuswereinclinedtodoubtthetruthofit.
　　A.credulousB.inscrutableC.indiscreetD.plausible
　　18.Ifthereisareportthatfrequentlygetslost,ormiscoded,oneapproachisto____employeestoputinlongerhours,ortobemorecareful.
　　A.modifyB.exhortC.vindicateD.justify
　　19.Astimemovedonmygriefandangerathisuntimelydeathbeganto____.
　　A.retreatB.obliterateC.recedeD.deplete
　　20.Apparently,Jim'sfatherwas_______byhiswordsandyelledathimimmediately.
　　A.putoutB.putawayC.putdownD.putacross
　　PartII:Directions:ThefollowingpassagehasFIVEsentencesmissing.ChoosefromthelistofSIXsentencesmarkedA…Fbelowthemostsuitablesentenceforeachmissingblank.Thenwritedownthecorrespondingletteronyouranswersheet.(10/150)
　　Americansoftenassumethatoverworkisaninevitablefactoflife-likedeathandtaxes.Inourera,almosteveryotherindustrializednationhasfewerannualworkinghoursandlongervacationsthantheUnitedStates.21..JeremyBrechernotedthatEuropeanunionsduringthe1980smadeapowerfulandlargelysuccessfulpushtocutworkinghours.
　　PerhapsthemostformidablebarriertomorefreetimeforAmericansisthewidespreadmindsetthatthe40-hourworkweek,8hoursaday,5daysaweek,isanaturalrhythmoftheuniverse.22..Asecondobstacletolaunchingapowerfulshorterwork-timemovementisAmerica'sdeeplyingrainedworkethic,whichfostersthewidelyheldbeliefthatpeoplewhodonotworklongandhardarelazy,unproductive,andworthless.
　　23..Manyofusidentifyourselvesalmostentirelybythekindofworkwedo.Workstillhasapowerfulpsychologicalandspiritualholdoverourlives-andtalkofshorterwork-timemayseemsomehowmorallysuspicious.
　　24..Alsomuchofournon-worktimeisspentnotjustinpersonalrenewal,butinbuildingandmaintainingessentialsocialties-withfamily,friends,andthelargercommunity.Today,asmothersandfathersspendmoreandmoretimeonthejob,wearebeginningtorecognizethedeleteriouseffectsofthebreakdownofsocialtiesandcommunityinAmericanlife.25..
　　A.ThesimplefactisthatAmericanstodayarespendingtoomuchtimeatwork,tothedetrimentoftheirhomes,theirfamilies,theirpersonallives,andtheircommunities.
　　B.ThisincludesallofWesternEurope,wheremanynationsenjoythrivingeconomiesandstandardsoflivingequaltoorhigherthanours.
　　C.FormanyAmericanstoday,paidworkisnotjustawaytomakemoneybutisacrucialsourceoftheirself-worth.
　　D.Thisviewisreinforcedbythemedia'scompletesilenceregardingtheshorterwork-timeandmorefavorablevacationandfamily-leavepoliciesofothercountries.
　　E.Unfortunately,ournationreactstotheseproblemsbycallingformorepaidprofessionalswithoutrecognizingthepossibilitythatshorterworkhoursandmorefreetimecouldenableustodomuchofthenecessaryrebuildingandhealing.
　　F.Becausewearesodeeplyawork-orientedsociety,leisure-timeactivitiesarenotlookedonasessentialandworthwhilecomponentsoflife.
　　PartIII:ReadingComprehension.Readthefollowingessayandthenanswerthequestionsbelow.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.(30/150)
　　WomenArePrisonersofTheirSex
　　[1]Womenarefree.Atleast,theylookfree.Theyevenfeelfree.Butinrealitywomeninthewestern,industrializedworldtodayareliketheanimalsinamodernzoo.Therearenobars.Itappearsthatcageshavebeenabolished.Yetinpracticewomenarestillkeptintheirplacejustasfirmlyastheanimalsarekeptintheirenclosures.Womenhavefallenvictimtooneofthemostinsidiousandingeniousconfidencetrickseverperpetrated.Theingeniouspointaboutthenew-modelzooisthatitdeceivesbothsidesoftheinvisiblebarrier.Notonlycannottheanimalseehowitisimprisoned;thevisitor'sconscienceisrelievedoftheunkindnessofkeepinganimalsshutup.
　　[2]Thepressuressocietyexertstodrivemenoutofthehouseareverynearlyasirrationalandunjustasthosebywhichitkeepswomenin.Societyisplayingonoursexualvanity.Tellamanthatheisnotarealman,orawomanthatsheisnot100percentwoman,andyouarethreateningbothwithnotbeingattractivetotheoppositesex.Noonecanbearnottobeattractivetotheoppositesex.That'stheclimatewhichthehumananimalcannottolerate.Sosocietyhasusallatitsmercy.Ithasonlytomurmurtothemanthatstayinghomeisafemininecharacteristic,andhewillbeoutofthehouselikeabullet.Ithasonlytosuggesttothewomanthatlogicandreasonaretheexclusiveprovinceofthemansculinemind,whereintuitionandfeelingarethefemaleforte,andshewillthrowherphysicstextbooksoutofthewindow.Sobrilliantlyhassocietycontrivedtoterrorizewomenwiththisthreatthatcertainbehaviorisunnaturalandunwomanly,thatithasleftthemnotimetoconsider-orevensheerlyobserve-whatwomanlynaturereallyis.Frighthasthrownherintosuchamuddlethatsheconfuseshavingnotasteforcookerywithhavingnobreasts,andconverselyassumesthatnaturehasunfailinglyendowedthehumanfemalewithaspecialhandinesswithfryingpans.
　　[3]Evenpsychoanalysishasunwittinglyreinforcedtheterrorizationcampaign.Thetroublewasthatitbroughtwithitfromitsoriginamedicaltherapyacriterionofnormalityinsteadofrationality.Ifawomanwhoisirkedbyconfinementtothekitchenmerelylooksaroundtoseewhatotherwomenaredoingandfindstheyareacceptingtheirkitchens,shemaywellconcludethatsheisabnormalandhadbetterenlistherpsychoanalyst'shelptowardlivingwithherkitchen.Whatsheoughttoaskiswhetheritisrationalforwomentobekepttothekitchen,andwhethernaturereallydoesinsistonthatinthewayitinsistswomenhavebreasts.
　　[4]Thenormalandnaturalthingforhumanbeingsisnottotoleratehandicapsbuttoreformsocietyandtocircumventorsupplementnature.Inreality,thewholeideaofaspecificallyfeminineormasculinecontributiontocultureisacontradictionofculture.Acontributiontocultureisnotsomethingwhichcouldnothavebeenmadebytheothersex;itissomethingwhichcouldnothavebeenmadebyanyotherperson.Notonlyarethedistinctionswedrawbetweenmalenatureandfemalenaturelargelyarbitraryandoftenpuresuperstition,theyarecompletelybesidethepoint.Theyignoretheessenceofhumannature.Theimportantquestionisnotwhetherwomenareorarenotlesslogicalbynaturethanmen,butwhethereducation,effortandtheabolitionofourillogicalsocialpressurescanimproveonnatureandmakethem-and,incidentally,menaswell-morelogical.
　　[5]Civilizationconsistsnotnecessarilyindefyingnaturebutinmakingitpossibleforustodosoifwejudgeitdesirable.Thehigherwecanliftournosesfromthegrindstoneofnature,thewidertheareawehaveofchoice;andthemorechoiceswehavefreelymade,themoreindividualizedweare.Weareatourmostcivilizedwhennaturedoesnotdictatetous,asitdoestoanimalsandpeasants,butwhenwecanopttofallinwithitorbetterit.Ifmoderncivilizationhasinventedmethodsofpreparingbabyfoodsandmethodsofeducationwhichmakeitpossibleformentofeedbabiesandforwomentothinklogically,wearebetrayingcivilizationitselfifwedonotsetbothsexesfreetomakeafreechoice.
　　Tasks:Answerthefollowingquestions.
　　26.Inparagraph1,theauthorusesananalogytoillustrateherargument.Whatistheanalogyandwhatdoestheanalogyillustrate?(para.1)?(5/150)
　　27.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Societyisplayingonoursexualvanity?"(para.2)(5/150)
　　28.Explainthesentence"Evenpsychoanalysishasunwittinglyreinforcedtheterrorizationcampaign."(para.3)(5/150)
　　29.Explainthesentence"Acontributiontocultureisnotsomethingwhichcouldnothavebeenmadebytheothersex;itissomethingwhichcouldnothavebeenmadebyanyotherperson"(para.4)(5/150)
　　30.Writeasummaryofthetextwithabout100words.(10/150)
　　PartIV:Translatethefollowingpassages.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.(60/150)
　　Task1:TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese(30/150)
　　31.TheyoungAmericansareenergetic,ambitious,enterprising,andgood,buttheirtalentsandinterestsandmoneythrustthemnotintobooksandideasandhistoryandcivics,butintoawholeotherrealmandotherconsciousness.Adifferentsociallifeandadifferentmentallifehaveformedamongthem.Technologyhasbredit,buttheresultdoesn'ttallywiththefulsomedescriptionsofdigitalempowerment,globalawareness,andvirtualcommunities.InsteadofopeningyoungAmericanmindstothestoresofcivilizationandscienceandpolitics,technologyhascontractedtheirhorizontothemselves,tothesocialscenearoundthem.Youngpeoplehaveneverbeensointenselymindfulofandpresenttooneanother,andsoenabledinadolescentcontact.Teenimagesandsongs,hotgossipandgames,andyouth-to-youthcommunicationsnolongerlimitedbytimeorspacewrapthemupinagenerationalcocoonreachingallthewayintotheirbedrooms.Theautonomyhasacost:themoretheyattendtothemselves,thelesstheyrememberthepastandenvisionafuture.
　　Task2:TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish.(30/150)
　　32.天空还是一片浅蓝，颜色很浅。转眼间天边出现了一道红霞，慢慢地在扩大它的范围，加强它的亮光。我知道太阳要从天边升起来了，便不转眼地望着那里。果然过了一会儿，在那个地方出现了太阳的小半边脸，红是真红，却没有亮光。这个太阳好像负着重荷似地一步一步、慢慢地努力上升，到了最后，终于冲破了云霞，完全跳出了海面，颜色红得非常可爱。一刹那间，这个深红的圆东西，忽然发出了夺目的亮光，射得人眼睛发痛，它旁边的云片也突然有了光彩。有时太阳走进了云堆中，它的光线却从云里射下来，直射到水面上。这时候要分辨出哪里是水，哪里是天，倒也不容易，因为我就只看见一片灿烂的亮光。这时候发亮的不仅是太阳、云和海水，连我自己也成了明亮的了。
　　PartV:Writing.(30/150)
　　33.Writeanessayofabout300wordsinwhichyousetforthyourcommentsonSocrates'sayingthat"AnUnexaminedLifeisnotWorthLiving".
　　Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammar,andappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionmayresultinlossofmarks.

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