2014年上海大学050211外国语言学及应用语言学考研大纲

　　考试科目：620英语语言学
　　适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学
　　一、复习要求：
　　要求考生熟悉语言和语言学的本质以及英语语言学发展的来龙去脉，掌握英语语言学中的基本概念、基础理论、分科和流派观点，能准确和流畅地借用英语语言学中的理论诠释现实生活中的语言文化问题与现象。
　　二、主要复习内容：
　　1、WhatIsLanguage?
　　重点：originsoflanguage;propertiesanddesignfeaturesoflanguage;developmentofwrittenlanguage.
　　2、WhatIsLinguistics?
　　重点：definitionoflinguistics;scopeoflinguistics;someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics;traditionalvsmodernlinguistics;descriptivevsprescriptivegrammar;languevsparole;competencevsperformance;synchronicvsdiachroniclinguistics;functionalismvsformalism.
　　3、PhoneticsandPhonology
　　重点：definitionofphonetics;organsofspeech;placeandmannersofarticulation;broadandnarrowtranscriptions;classificationofEnglishvowelsandconsonants;liaison;definitionofphonology;phone,phoneme,andallophone;phonemiccontrast,complementarydistribution,distinctivefeatures;andminimalpairandsets;somerulesinphonologylikesequentialrules,assimilationrules,anddeletionrules;suprasegmentalfeatureslikestress,toneandintonation,andtheirfunctionsincommunication
　　4、Morphology
　　重点：definitionofmorphology;freeandboundmorphemes;derivationalvsandinflectional;morphologicalrules;morphsandallomorphs;word-formationprocesseslikecoinage,borrowing,compounding,blending,clipping,backformation,conversion,acronym,derivation,prefixes,suffixes,andinfixes.
　　5、Grammar/Syntax
　　重点：typesofgrammar/syntax;definitionofgrammar/syntax;partsofspeech/wordclasses;traditionalgrammar,grammaticalcategories,andgrammaticalanalysis;theprescriptiveanddescriptiveapproaches;structuralandimmediateconstituentanalysis;transformationalgenerativegrammar;systemicfunctionalgrammar;labeledandbracketedsentences;basiccomponentsofasentence;typesofsentences;linearandhierarchicalstructuresofsentences;lexicalandphrasalcategories;grammaticalrelations;combinationalrules;syntacticmovementandmovementrules;generalprinciplesandparametersofUniversalGrammar;deepandsurfacestructure;structuralambiguity;labeledtreediagrams.
　　6、Semantics
　　重点：definitionofsemantics;someviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning;wordmeaning;semantictriangle;senseandreference;seventypesofmeaning;semanticfield;majorsenserelationslikesynonymy,polysemy,homonymy,hyponymy,andantonymy;componentialanalysis;senserelationsbetweensentences;sentencemeaning;sentencemeaningandproposition;semanticroles;meaningandlogic:entailment,presupposition,implicature;metaphor;metonymy;collocation;prototypes;componentialandpredicationanalysis.
　　7、Pragmatics
　　重点：definitionofpragmatics;context;sentencemeaningvsutterancemeaning;speechacttheory;principlesofconversation;cooperativeprincipleanditsmaxims;conversationalimplicatures;politenessprinciple;deixis;reference;anaphora;presupposition.
　　8、DiscourseAnalysis
　　重点：Interpretingdiscourse;cohesionandcoherence;conjunctions;discoursemarkers;conversationanalysis;adjacencypairs;preferencestructure;presequences;informationstructure;given&newinformation;topic&comment;contrast;howtododiscourseanalysis
　　9、HistoricalLinguistics
　　重点：Thepurposeandsignificanceofhistoricallinguistics;thenatureandcausesoflanguagechange;majorperiodsinthehistoryofEnglish;linguisticchangeofEnglish;languagefamily
　　10、Sociolinguistics
　　重点：Speechcommunityandspeechvariety;personal,regionalandsocialdialects,stylistics,andidiolectalvariation;standardandnon-standardlanguage;linguafranca,pidgins,andCreoles;diglossiaandbilingualism;BlackEnglish;educational,age,genderandregistervarieties;slang,linguistictaboo,andeuphemism;codeswitching.
　　12、Psycholinguistics
　　重点：biologicalfoundationsoflanguage;linguisticlateralization;thelanguagecenters;thecriticalperiodforlanguageacquisition;earlyviewsonlanguageandthought;argumentsforandagainsttheSapir-Whorfhypothesis;understandingtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.
　　13、FirstLanguageAcquisition
　　重点：biologicalbasisoflanguageacquisition;rolesofinputandinteraction,instruction,correctionandreinforcement,andimitation;thefourstagesoffirstlanguageacquisition;thedevelopmentofthegrammaticalsystem(e.g.phonology,syntax,vocabulary,semantics,andmorphology).
　　14、SecondLanguageAcquisition
　　重点：Acquisitionvslearning;transferandinterference;thenaturalrouteofSLAdevelopment;contrastiveanalysis,erroranalysis;interlanguageandfossilization;theroleofinputandformalinstruction;individuallearnerfactorslikeage,motivation,acculturation,andpersonality.
　　三、参考书：
　　1.《TheStudyofLanguage（语言研究）》GeorgeYule外语教学与研究出版社剑桥大学出版社2004年（或其他年份或版次的同一部著作）
　　2.《新编语言学教程》（第1版）刘润清文旭编著外语教学与研究出版社2006年3月
　　考试科目：821综合英语
　　适用专业：英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学
　　一、复习要求：
　　要求考生熟悉英语语言的功能、规则、形式与结构，学会优化自己所使用的语言，掌握与语言和文学等有关的基本概念和基本理论，能够合理、有效、且灵活自如地运用各体英语，具备较为精深的语言功底，尤其是在英语的读、写、译方面的功底。
　　二、主要复习内容：
　　1、Gender,Race,andLanguageConflict
　　SexisminEnglish;rapport-talkandreport-talk;anti-malebiasinEnglish;hownamesdefinerelationships;namesfortherace;blackEnglish.
　　2、RightWords,WrongWords,MyWords
　　Whatdictionariescandoforus;four-letterwords;theEword;taboolanguage;Englishthatbelongstoeverybody.
　　3、LanguageandCulturalDiversity
　　Vanishinglanguages;whetherEnglishshouldbethelaw;bilingualchildren;Americanization;namesinthemeltingpot.
　　4.TheLanguageofPoliticsandAdvertising
　　Howlanguagemayserveastherhetoricofdemocracy;thedoublespeakofweaselwords;unprotectedsextalk;typesofpropaganda.
　　5.WritersandtheWritingProcess
　　Someinstructionsonwritingandlife;howtoholdthereader;writingasrewriting;concision;computersandwriting.
　　6.UnderstandthereadingselectionsinUnits2,4,6,810,13&14fromReader'sChoice(4thedition)
　　三、参考书：
　　1.Roberts,W.H.(2000).AboutLanguages:AReaderforWriters（5thedition）.Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.
　　2.Clarke,M.A.,etal.(2008).Reader'sChoice(4thedition).Beijing:WorldBookPublishingCompany.

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